HOWTO: Install RT 6150 / 6151					(rt.txt)
-----------------------------

 To install a clone system from	tape, go to step 4.
 To create a master tape for cloning, go to step 1.

1. Create an installable AIX 2.2.1 operating system tape.

	This is	quicker	to use than loading the	8 diskettes.

	cd /tmp
	restore	-xvf /dev/fd0 >files.in
	.. load	AIX 2.2.1 Base system program disks (PBEX8-PBEY5)
	sed 's/^x //' files.in > files.lst
	backup -ivf /dev/rmt0 [-p] -C2000 -s4000 -d1000	<files.lst

	(Figures are for a DC300XLP tape - use 6157-001	drive to record, then
	tape can be read on either 6157-001 or 6157-002	drive).

	The undocumented -p can	be used	to create a packed backup. All files
	are passed through pack	first. This uses less media, but tends to be
	slower.	(I also	had problems with files	bigger than about 1 Mb,	see
	later).

2. Create set of bff (backup format file) images of all	software.

	On a RT	with sufficient	disk space in /inst.images (say), as root:-
	ulimit 200000
	ln -s /inst.images/lpp.install /usr/lpp.install
	ln -s /inst.images/lpp.update  /usr/lpp.update
	mkdir /inst.images/tmp				for workspace
	bffcreate -w /inst.images/tmp -v		for installp files
	bffcreate -w /inst.images/tmp -v -f outfile	for updates, bos, misc

	bffcreate can only use the specified directories; hence	the symbolic
	links above. Installp files are	created	with names like	'em78.01.03'.
	Suggest	names for updatep files	such as	'em78.u.1310', giving update
	level. Files supporting	code server environments have names such as
	'cp_nfs.01.01' - cp stands for client partial.

	bffcreate restores the input floppies to the tmp directory, then
	runs backup to create the output file, just as in 1. above.

	Many files in bff format are kept in 221UPDTE PACKAGE on AIXUPD	tools
	disk, managed by TOOLS at YKTVMV.

3. Install master system and create master tape.

    a.	Run diagnostics	to check system	works, and all adapters	have jumpers
	correctly set.

    b.	Install	VRM

	Boot VRM version 02.06.0140 diskettes (taken from AIXUPD disk).
	Set date and time.
	Enter maintenance mode,	use 'dlmd' command to delete all existing
	minidisks. 'quit' to return.
	(Otherwise free	'holes'	may be left on disk.)
	Select UK English keyboard (or US if no	pound sign).
	Default	recommendations	are typically:-
		VRM 3581 blocks, 128 files, Pagespace 61276 blocks
	Change VRM size	to 3200	blocks (there won't be more updates!)
	Page space: can	use default, or	override as given below.

    c.	Plan disk space

	You need to plan disk space carefully: see the space requirements
	in 'Installing and Customising the AIX Operating System'.

	Disk sizes are:-
		R40  drive:  86640 blocks
		E70  drive: 138000 blocks
		E114 drive: 223600 blocks
		H310 drive: 605469 blocks
		E310 drive: 605880 blocks

	Reasonable values for a	master system, to allow	for space to save
	files during updating, are:-

	Filesys	Unix device  Blocks  Files   Blocks  Blocks    % Files	  %
			      total  total   usable    used used  used used

	/vrm	/dev/hd6       3200    128     3096    3020  97%    94	73%
	pgsp	-	      65844	 -    65844   65844   -	     -	 -
	/	/dev/hd0      40000   1024    39808   24436  61%   595	58%
	/u	/dev/hd1     150000  10016   148684   39812  26%   115	 1%
	/usr	/dev/hd2     100000   5024    99308   83820  84%  3063	60%
	/tmp	/dev/hd3       8000    512     7872	208   2%     6	 1%
	Dump	/dev/hd4	  0	 0	  0	  0   -	     0	 -

	Blocks/files total is the number specified on installation.
	The number of files/inodes is rounded up to a multiple of 32.
	Blocks usable is the number reported by	df, after allowing for 8 inodes
	per block and 64 blocks	for headers (88	for /vrm).
	Blocks/files used are the numbers reported by df, not including	inode
	blocks.

	Dump is	not used, as it	is only	needed for system crash	dumps.
	If you want to use Dump, it needs around 12000 blocks.
	Do not specify a zero Dump size	last, as the installation process
	complains that there is	not enough space if you	have allocated all
	disk blocks.

    d.	Install	AIX 2.2.1

	Insert Install/maintenance disk, Ctrl/Alt/Pause	to reboot.
	Options:
		login:		user
		user login:	required
		US DST rules:	no
		language:	UK English

	Install	from tape (or from diskettes if	you like!).
	Base system uses about:
		/	 18856	blocks
		/usr	  8004	blocks

	Note this process configures VRM using files in	/etc/confproc/*,
	/usr/lib/nls/collating.awk, /usr/lib/nls/environment.aw. These files
	are then deleted. If you try to	load a backup tape without having
	performed this configuration once, the system will hang	at startup.

	You may	be able	to bypass this step subsequently, by using the
	'cvid /dev/fd0'	command	to create customised VRM diskettes. Then you
	can use	the Install/maintenance	diskette to load the backup tape.
	I've not tried this.

    e.	Load and install software

	Login as root.
	You can	load software from floppy disks, but it	is quicker to copy the
	bff images created above onto disk (via	tape), and install from	disk.

	Run 'devices' to add tape drive	/dev/rmt0.
	Do 'ulimit 200000' to allow large files	to be written.
	Use, say, 'cd /u/user; restore -xvf /dev/rmt0 -C2000'.

	Then to	install	an image, use:-
		installp -q -d /u/user/image
	Or to install updates, use:-
		updatep	-ac -q -d /u/user/update
	It is necessary	to specify full	path name of the image and update
	files. It is recommended to do 'cd /' before installation, in case
	relative pathnames were	used by	the image.

	Images actually	loaded were:-

	man.02.05	Manual pages
	osplus.02.06	Extended services	(ALL)
	multiple.02.06	Multi-user services	(5-gsl only [for sim])
	FORTRAN.01.02	Fortran	77
	FORTRAN.u.1245	(update)
	sim.01.02	PC/AT simulator
	sim.u.1214	(update)
	ate.02.06	Advanced terminal emulator
	ate.u.1707	(update)
	vrmdd.02.06	VRM device drivers	(ALL)
	mpp.u.1773	Multi-program (update)
	mpp.u.1779	Multi-program (update)	(NB load after sim)
	X11.02.01	X window system		(ALL, UK+US k/b, ALL fonts)
	X11xmpls.02.01	X window examples
	X11.u.1738	(update)		(delete	X11.2)
	X11.u.1739	(update)
	stc-mwm.01.01	Motif window manager
	em78.01.03	3278/3279 emulator
	em78.u.1310	(update)
	tcpip.02.06	TCP/IP
	tcpip.u.1736	(update)
	tcpip.u.1742	(update)
	NFS.01.02	NFS and	NIS
	NFS.u.1201	(update)
	NFS.u.1204	(update)

	Notes: mpp.1779	'corrects' the contents	of /lib/libc.a,	causing	_end,
	_termdef and .termdef to be undefined if pcsim (sim.01.02) is
	subsequently built. So build pcsim first.

	Sometimes bff images insist on using floppy disk to install (not the
	above).	You can	overcome this by creating a 'restore' script program,
	which asks for replacement flags then calls /etc/restore.

    f.	Configure AIX

	Login as root.
	vi /etc/passwd,	add '/200000' in Name/GCOS field for 'root' and	'user':
		root:!:0:0:/200000:/:
		user:!:0:0:/200000:/:
	This sets ulimit to 200000 blocks, so 100 Mbyte	files may be created.
	'vi /etc/security/passwd' to remove password lines for user.
	vi /etc/environment to change timezone 'TZ=GMT0BST'.
	Create /symlink.fix to create symbolic links (see later).

	Add devices:
		rmt0 - tape
		em78 - 3278/3279 adapter
		pty0-11	- pseudo-terminals with	ae=false, logger=false for
			X windows and remote execution.
		pty12-15 - pseudo-terminals with ae=true, logger=true for
			telnet login.

	Miscellaneous links and	directories:-
		cd /tmp; rm *
		rm /unix9*
		mkdir /u/local/bin
		mkdir /u/local/bin/X11
		ln -s /u/local /usr/local
		mkdir /u/local/man
		mkdir /u/local/man/man1
		ln -s /u/local/man /usr/man/local

	Make Xamples:-
		cd /usr/lpp/X11/Xamples
		vi clients/mon_interval.c	to comment out 'ip.h' line
		Make_Xamples
		rm clients/*.o
		cp -p clients/*.man /usr/local/man/man1
		For each binary	file:-
		mv <binary> /usr/local/bin/X11
		ln -s /usr/lpp/X11/Xamples/*/*.a /lib

	X11 tailoring:-
		vi /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm to comment out	colour defs
		vi .profile to add /usr/local/bin:/usr/local/bin/X11 to	PATH
		vi .profile to add DOS_DRIVE, etc

	Add other programs to /u/local/bin, manual pages to /u/local/man/man1.
	Create /u/user/dos/* DOS filesystems.

    g.	Save system to tape

	Login as root (to ensure all files can be read).
	cd /
	find . -print |	sort >/tmp/files.lst
	vi /tmp/files.lst to
		remove all /vrm	files
		remove all default /dev/* (leave rmt0, em78, ptc*, pts*,
		ptyp*, ttyp*)
		remove /tmp/*
	backup -ivf /dev/rmt0 [-p] -C2000 -s4000 -d1000	</tmp/files.lst

	Figures	are for	DC300XLP tape in 6157-001 drive	(46000 Kb).
	For DC600A in 6157-002 drive use '-C2000 -s9000	 -d1250' (131000 Kb).
	For DC6150 in 6157-002 drive use '-C2000 -s10750 -d1250' (157000 Kb).

	Note you MUST use relative pathnames when backing up; the install/
	maintenance disk uses a	root filesystem	in RAM,	and mounts the
	minidisks before restoring them.

	Problems with backup/restore: I	had problems restoring a packed	[-p]
	backup with large files	greater	than about 1 Mbyte (DOS	hard disk
	images). These worked if packed	was not	used.
	Symbolic links were not	restored correctly; they pointed to a totally
	wrong place. Therefore /symlink.fix was	created	to remove and recreate
	the symbolic links, then delete	itself.

	Note that if you save files in /u, you CANNOT use the option on	the
	Install/Maintenance diskette to	reload a system, as it does not	mount
	/u, hence files	are restored to	the /u directory in the	/ filesystem,
	and will probably fill the minidisk.

4. Install clone system

    a.	Run diagnostics	to check system	works.

    b.	Install	VRM (as	above)

	See 3d above for comments on loading VRM from diskettes	made by	cvid.
	Boot VRM version 02.06.0140 diskettes.
	Set date and time.
	Enter maintenance mode,	use 'dlmd' command to delete all existing
	minidisks. 'quit' to return.
	Select UK English keyboard (or US if no	pound sign).
	Change VRM size	to 3200	blocks (there won't be more updates!)
	See below for space allocation for /vrm	and paging space.

    c.	Plan disk space

	The tape created above just fits onto a	114 Mbyte system:-

	Filesys	Unix device  Blocks  Files   Blocks  Blocks    % Files	  %
			      total  total   usable    used used  used used

	/vrm	/dev/hd6       3200    128     3096    3012  97%   101	78%
	pgsp	-	      61276	 -    61276   61276   -	     -	 -
	/	/dev/hd0      25000    800    24836   24416  98%   595	74%
	/u	/dev/hd1      43124   1024    42932   39420  91%   116	11%
	/usr	/dev/hd2      85000   4000    84436   84064  99%  3064	76%
	/tmp	/dev/hd3       6000    512     5872	  8   0%     4	 0%
	Dump	/dev/hd4	  0	 0	  0	  0   -	     0	 -
			     ------
	TOTAL		     223600

	For a 310 Mbyte	system I used:-

	Filesys	Unix device  Blocks  Files   Blocks  Blocks    % Files	  %
			      total  total   usable    used used  used used

	/vrm	/dev/hd6       3200    128     3096    3012  97%    93	72%
	pgsp	-	      80000	 -    80000   80000   -	     -	 -
	/	/dev/hd0      28000   1024    27808   24468  87%   603	58%
	/u	/dev/hd1     100000   5024    99308   39280  39%   116	 2%
	/usr	/dev/hd2     100000   5024    99308   84092  84%  3066	61%
	/tmp	/dev/hd3       8000    512     7872	  8   0%     4	 0%
	Dump	/dev/hd4	  0	 0	  0	  0   -	     0	 -
	<free space>	     286269
			     ------
	TOTAL		     605469

    d.	Install	AIX 2.2.1 (as above)

	Insert Install/maintenance disk, Ctrl/Alt/Pause	to reboot.
	Options:
		login:		user
		user login:	required
		US DST rules:	no
		language:	UK English

	See 3d above for comments on loading VRM from diskettes	made by	cvid.
	Load base AIX 2.2.1 from tape.
	Don't start system.

    e.	Load and install software

	See 3d above for comments on loading VRM from diskettes	made by	cvid.
	Note that the restore options 'built in' to the	Install/Maintenance
	diskette only mount / and /usr.	This means that	if a tape has other
	filesystems present (as	created	above),	these filesystems will be
	restored into /. Usually there is not enough free space	for this.

	Therefore you need to mount filesystems	and restore the	tape:-

	Select:	3 - Start the Standalone Shell

		mount /dev/hd0 /mnt
		cd /mnt
		mount /dev/hd1 u
		mount /dev/hd2 usr
		ulimit 200000
		restore	-xf /dev/rmt0 -C2000
		umount usr
		umount u
		cd ..
		umount /mnt
		exit

	Select:	4 - End	System Management, 1 - Normal Startup.
	Login as root, then run	symlink.fix to restore symbolic	links.

5. Local customisation

	Some options which can be performed:-

	Change root password.

	Use 'users' to add new user accounts.
	Add .profile, .cshrc, .login to	home directories.
	cat /usr/lpp/X11/defaults/Xdefaults /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Mwm
		> .Xdefaults

	/etc/rc: Uncomment '# rm -fr /tmp/*' for automatic cleanup.

	/etc/environment: Change NLDATE=DD/MM/YY for UK	date style. (Note this
	triggers a bug in the 'dos' command shell, which expects US date style
	when setting Unix timestamps.)
	Add 'filesize=200000' to set global ulimit value (need to reboot to
	take effect).

	/etc/ports: Customise login banner

	Use 'devices' to add/change devices. fp0 - floating point accelerator
	should be added	if present.

	Create new terminal definitions: for example, to include new IBM
	terminal types such as aixterm,	copy the file /usr/lib/terminfo/ibm.ti
	from an	RS/6000. Then do 'tic /usr/lib/terminfo/ibm.ti'.

6. Network customisation

	TCP/IP setup:-

	vi /etc/master:		node="\"stc??"\"    (Used if kernel rebuilt)
	chparm nodename=stc??			    (Modifies kernel image)
	vi /etc/hosts:		Add machine names. Ideally add timeserver
				and nameserver.
	vi /etc/hosts.equiv:	Add any	equivalent hostnames.
	vi /etc/rc.include:	Uncomment '# sh	/etc/rc.tcpip' line
	vi /etc/rc.tcpip:	Change hostname	(use full domain name)
				Add 'route add default 9.180.233.1 1' to set
				gateway	address.
				Add '/usr/bin/hostid `hostname`'.
	vi /etc/net:		Uncomment net0 stanza, change netaddr to
				match value in /etc/hosts.
				Add 'subnetmask	= 255.255.252.0'
				Change inetlen = 1500, r_inetlen = 1500
				(needed	for NFS	to Sun,	RS/6000, etc)
	devices:		For telnet logins, must	have ptydevs with
				ae=true, tt=ibm6153, logger=true.
				For remote execution and X windows, must have
				ptydevs	with ae=false, logger=false.
				Check Ethernet ('baseband') adapter links:
				address	links as below,	interrupt level	4,
				interrupt rate 18.3 ms normally.
				Add adapter net0 with addresses	matching links:

			Links:		W10 W11	W12 W13		W10 W11	W12 W13
					|.  |.	|.  |.		__  __	|.  |.
					A15 A16	A17 A18		A15 A16	A17 A18
					off off	off off		on  on	off off
			Addresses:	rsa  = 80000		rsa  = 98000
					rea  = 81fff		rea  = 99fff
					brsa = 82000		brsa = 9a000
					brea = 87fff		brea = 9ffff
					il1  = 3		il1  = 3

	sh /etc/rc.tcpip to start TCP/IP.
	sh /etc/tcp.clean to stop TCP/IP.

	NIS/NFS	setup:-

	vi /etc/rc.nfs:		Uncomment NIS and yppasswd lines
				Set NIS	domainname

	vi /etc/rc.include:	Uncomment '# sh	/etc/rc.nfs' line

	vi /etc/passwd:		Add line '+::0:0:NIS passwords::' at end.
				(Note does not work with dummy password	+:*:..)
	vi /etc/group:		Add line '+:::'	at end.
				(Or copy from master, to allow root to log in
				even if	NIS not	running).

	vi /etc/exports:	Create with list of filesystems	to be exported
				and optional flags.

	vi /etc/filesystems:	Add nfs	filesystems to be mounted, e.g.
				/home/stc:
					dev	  = /home/stc
					nodename  = stc1
					type	  = nfs
					vfs	  = nfs
					mount	  = true
					check	  = false
					free	  = true


	sh /etc/rc.nfs to start	NFS/NIS.
	sh /etc/nfs.clean to stop NFS/NIS.

	Note nfs mount command is 'mount -v nfs	-n hostname hostdir localdir'.
	'mount hostname:hostdir	localdir' format is not	supported.

							Andrew Yeomans
							30th March 1995
Appendix
--------
Most useful sources of RT 6150 information:-

RTIPS	 PACKAGE on AIXTOOLS	RT Tips	- comprehensive	hints and tips
RTIPSUK	 PACKAGE on AIXTOOLS	RT Tips	(formatted for UK printing)
PRINTBUL PACKAGE on AIXTOOLS	Printer	Bulletin No 2 covers RT	6150 printing
6150SEL	 PACKAGE on AIXTOOLS	6150 product guide - hardware and software
6150SELL PACKAGE on AIXTOOLS	6150 product guide - hardware and software
RTCONFIG PACKAGE on AIXTOOLS	RT 6150	configurator program (DOS)
221UPDTE PACKAGE on AIXUPD	Last ever updates to RT	software
PC-RT	 ANSWERS on NETINFO	Frequently asked questions - comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt
AIXTIPS	 PACKAGE on AIXDOC	Has some RT information, but mostly RS/6000
AIXRT	 FORUM	 on IBMUNIX	AIX operating system on	RT
RTPC	 FORUM	 on IBMUNIX	RT general topics
RTHOWTO	 FORUM	 on IBMUNIX	RT how-tos for hardware	and software
AIXRT*	 FORUM	 on IBMUNIX	Others largely defunct
RT*	 FORUM	 on IBMUNIX	Others largely defunct
APAR II04450 (RETAIN/CESEARCH)	Latest PTF records/packages for	AIX/RT
6150	 SCRIPT	 on TSINFO	MNS Connectivity for 6150
				(Path: NETWORK/IIN/MNS/ATTGUIDE)

Disk		Tooluser    Node	Description

AIXDOC		AIXTOOLS at MUNIVM4	AIX Hints and Tips
AIXTOOLS	TOOLS	 at YKTVMV	AIX (RS, RT, PS/2) software tools
AIXUPD		TOOLS	 at YKTVMV	AIX Updates (inc RT)
NETINFO		ARCNET	 at ALMVMA	Internet/bitnet	information
